Introduction With increasing use of robotic surgical adjuncts, artificial intelligence and
augmented reality in neurosurgery, the automated analysis of digital images and videos …

Objective Computer vision (CV) is a subset of artificial intelligence that performs
computations on image or video data, permitting the quantitative analysis of visual …

Background/Objective Technical skill acquisition is an essential component of neurosurgical
training. Educational theory suggests that optimal learning and improvement in performance …

Brain surgery is complex and has evolved as a separate surgical specialty. Surgical
procedures on the brain are performed using dedicated micro-instruments which are …

Checklist based routine evaluation of surgical skills in any medical school demands quality
time and effort from the supervising expert and is highly influenced by assessor bias …

Surgical robotic tools and digitally enhanced operating theaters have been giving surgeons
a helping hand for years. While they provide great control, precision, and flexibility to the …

Surgical data quantification and comprehension expose subtle patterns in tasks and
performance. Enabling surgical devices with artificial intelligence provides surgeons with …

The fields of computer vision (CV) and artificial intelligence (AI) have undergone rapid
advancements in the past decade, many of which have been applied to the analysis of …

Neurosurgical practitioners undergo extensive and prolonged training to acquire diverse
technical proficiencies, while neurosurgical procedures necessitate a substantial amount of …

Goal: Conventionally, a surgeon's skill is assessed through visual observation by experts
and by tracking patient outcomes. These techniques are very subjective and demands …