Learning abnormalities have long been centrally implicated in posttraumatic
psychopathology. Indeed, of all anxiety disorders, PTSD may be most clearly attributable to …

Of all anxiety disorders, PTSD may be most clearly attributable to discrete, aversive learning
events capable of evoking both conditioned fear responding to stimuli associated with the …

The classical conditioning paradigm of fear learning has spawned a number of experimental
variations for the explanation of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) etiology. These …

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be characterized as a failure of recovery caused,
in part, by a failure of fear extinction after trauma. By studying the process of extinction, we …

Exposure to traumatic events is relatively common, with estimates from epidemiological
studies in the United States ranging between 37 and 92% of respondents, depending on the …

Fear is an adaptive response that initiates defensive behavior to protect animals and
humans from danger. However, anxiety disorders, such as Posttraumatic Stress Disorder …

Pavlovian threat (fear) conditioning (PTC) is an experimental paradigm that couples innate
aversive stimuli with neutral cues to elicit learned defensive behavior in response to the …

Objectives: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by the re-experiencing of a
traumatic event, although the trauma itself occurred in the past. The extinction of the …

CONTEMPORARY learning theories of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) provide an
explanation for the phobic avoidant features but do not account fully for the intrusive …

Two interesting articles from Harvard University investiga-tors in this issue of Biological
Psychiatry challenge us to reconsider and rethink the complexities of the underlying …