Hepatocellular carcinoma frequently recurs after surgery, necessitating personalized clinical
approaches based on tumor avatar models. However, location-dependent oxygen …

Purpose: Preclinical model systems should faithfully reflect the complexity of the human
pathology. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the tumor vasculature is of particular interest …

Metastatic disease remains one of the primary reasons for cancerrelated deaths, yet the
majority of in vitro cancer models focus on the primary tumor sites. Here, we describe a …

Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Among all primary
liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type, representing 75 …

Metastasis accounts for most cancer-related deaths. The majority of solid cancers, including
those of the breast, colorectum, prostate and skin, metastasize at significant levels to the …

Hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is the leading cause of metastasis and
chemoresistance in cancer cells. Numerous 3D in vitro models have been proposed to study …

The rising incidence and increasing mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), combined
with its high tumor heterogeneity, lack of druggable targets, and tendency to develop …

Background Despite advances in therapeutics, outcomes for hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC) remain poor and there is an urgent need for efficacious systemic therapy …

Simple Summary Deregulated tumor metabolism is known to shape the tumor
microenvironment and directly affect the local immune response, promoting tumor growth …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major global health burden, causing approximately 8.3
million deaths each year, and it is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide …