Human milk (HM) contains an incredible array of microorganisms. These likely contribute to
the seeding of the infant gastrointestinal microbiome, thereby influencing infant immune and …

Although traditionally considered sterile, human milk is currently recognized as an alive
ecosystem that harbors not only bacteria, but also viruses, fungi and yeasts, and minor …

Breastfeeding is considered the gold standard for infants' nutrition, as mother's own milk
(MOM) provides nutritional and bioactive factors functional to optimal development. Early life …

Beyond its nutritional aspects, human milk contains several bioactive compounds, such as
microbes, oligosaccharides, and other substances, which are involved in host–microbe …

Infant growth trajectory may influence later-life obesity. Human milk provides a wide range of
nutritional and bioactive components that are vital for infant growth. Compared to formula …

Studies conducted in the last years have demonstrated that human milk represents a
continuous supply of beneficial bacteria to the infant gut, which contribute to the maturation …

Highlights•The milk microbiome is generally dominated by Staphylococcus, Streptococcus,
and Pseudomonas.•Milk microbiome varies across studies, but methodologic differences …

Human milk is the gold standard for infant nutrition during the first months of life since it is
perfectly adapted to the neonatal nutritional requirements and supports infant growth and …

Background Breast milk (BM) provides complete nutrition for infants for the first six months of
life and is essential for the development of the newborn's immature immune and digestive …

Aside from nutritional components, human milk is rich in microorganisms. Through
breastfeeding these microorganisms are introduced to the infant gut where they may …