Advances in technology for in vitro propagation and genetic transformation have accelerated
the development of genetically engineered trees during the past 15 years. At least 33 …

The release of new genetic materials into forest ecosystems, regardless of the method used
to develop them, should be done in an environmentally responsible manner. Canada is …

We summarize the many field trials that we have conducted in the USA beginning in 1995
and continuing to this day. Under USDA APHIS federal regulatory notifications and permits …

Transgenics from several forest tree species, carrying a number of commercially important
recombinant genes, have been produced, and are undergoing confined field trials in a …

As the commercial production of transgenic annual crops becomes a reality in many parts of
the world, many people wonder if the genetic engineering of perennial trees will allow their …

Transgenic technology is increasingly used in forest-tree breeding to overcome the
disadvantages of traditional breeding methods, such as a long breeding cycle, complex …

Traditional breeding has been widely used in forestry. However, this technique is inefficient
because trees have a long and complex life cycle that is not amenable to strict control by …

The past year has seen the fruits of biotechnological manipulation of forest trees approach
commercial application. Advances in somatic embryogenesis have brought mass clonal …

Applied research that supplies requisite, albeit incomplete, scientific knowledge is
necessary if we are to address the legal, regulatory, and social/ethical issues regarding the …

Genetic engineering of trees to improve productivity, wood quality, and resistance to biotic
and abiotic stresses has been the primary goal of the forest biotechnology community for …