Background Early alcohol use initiation is one of the strongest predictors of alcohol use
disorders. Identifying modifiable risk factors for problematic alcohol use can guide …

Objective To characterize patterns of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), and determine
whether PAE trajectories were associated with behavior from a community-based sample of …

Background The degree to which prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) may influence alcohol
and drug use in adulthood is difficult to determine. That is because PAE is highly correlated …

Background Although the toxic effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on children are
well established, there is emerging evidence about the dynamics and associated …

Background Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a community health problem with up to 50%
of pregnant women drinking alcohol. The relationship between low or sporadic binge PAE …

Background Prenatal alcohol exposure has been linked to a host of negative outcomes,
although it is largely unknown whether prenatal exposure leads to an earlier age of initiation …

Background Accurate characterization of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is challenging
due to inconsistent use of screening questionnaires in routine prenatal care and substantial …

Background Prenatal alcohol exposure has been found to be associated with adverse
physical and mental health outcomes in postnatal life, but the evidence is equivocal as to …

Background A better understanding of the effects of lower levels of prenatal alcohol
exposure (PAE), as a common exposure, is needed. The goal of this study was to examine …

Background Moderate to heavy alcohol use during pregnancy (≥ 3 drinks/occasion) is
linked to a range of adverse offspring outcomes. Prior studies suggest that adolescent and …