The medial hypothalamus, amygdala, and dorsal periaqueductal gray constitute the main
neural substrates for the integration of aversive states in the brain. More recently, some …

One widely used animal model of anxiety is the electrical stimulation of a given structure
supposed to be involved in the neural circuitry underlying emotional behavior. Indeed …

Some regions in the mesencephalon, such as dorsal periaqueductal gray, inferior colliculus
and deep layers of superior colliculus have been grouped together as a continuos strip of …

Deep layers of the superior colliculus, the dorsal periaqueductal gray matter and the inferior
colliculus are midbrain structures involved in the generation of defensive behavior and fear …

Recent studies have identified major components of the neural system mediating the
classical conditioning of defense or fear responses to sensory stimuli. The pathways involve …

BACKGROUND: Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) reflect the activation of
brainstem nuclei in the first milliseconds after presentation of an auditory stimulus. These …

It has been shown that the gradual increase in the intensity of electrical stimulation of the
dorsal periaqueductal gray (DPAG), deep layers of the superior colliculus (DLSC) and …

In midbrain tectum (MT) structures, such as the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG), the
superior colliculus (SC) and the inferior colliculus (IC) GABAergic neurons exert a tonic …

The present review covers two independent approaches, a neuroanatomical and a
pharmacological (focused on serotonergic transmission), which converge in highlighting the …

Chronic stress is a powerful modulator of emotional behaviour. Previous studies have
shown that distinct neuronal pathways modulate different emotional behaviours: while the …