Recent studies have initiated a paradigm shift in the understanding of the function of heat
shock proteins (HSP). It is now clear that HSP can and do exit mammalian cells, interact with …

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) require no adjuvant to confer immunogenicity to bound
peptides, as if they possessed an intrinsic" danger" signature. To understand the …

Abstract Background Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is an intracellular chaperone protein
with regulatory and cytoprotective functions. Hsp70 can also be found in the extracellular …

Human heat-shock protein (HSP) 70 activates innate immune cells and hence requires no
additional adjuvants to render bound peptides immunogenic. Here we tested the …

Researchers have only just begun to elucidate the relationship between heat shock proteins
(HSP) and Toll-like receptors (TLR). HSP were originally described as an intracellular …

Human heat shock protein 60 (hsp60) elicits a potent proinflammatory response in cells of
the innate immune system and therefore has been proposed as a danger signal of stressed …

Soluble 60 kDa heat shock protein (HSP60) activates macrophages via TLR4. We now
report that soluble HSP60 activates T cells via the innate receptor TLR2. HSP60 activated T …

Extensive work in the last 10 years has suggested that heat shock proteins (HSPs) may be
potent activators of the innate immune system. It has been reported that Hsp60, Hsp70 …

Heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 expression can be stimulated by febrile range temperature
(FRT). Hsp70 has been shown to be elevated in serum of patients with sepsis, and when …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play important roles in initiation of innate and adaptive immune
responses. Emerging evidence suggests that TLR agonists can serve as potential adjuvant …