Careful experiments were done with isotonic and hypertonic electrolytes in reference
electrodes as well as with different forms of accurately making the liquid junction (open …

The liquid-junction potential of the junction'saturated KCl II whole blood1 is about 0.6 mV
higher than of the junction'sat. KCl¡ I plasma1. The difference increases to about 1.4 mV for a …

The most commonly measured chemical parameter in natural waters is the pH value. Its
importance is emphasised by the extensive use of pH in geochemical investigations. Such …

This work discusses the reasons why the activities of ions were considered to be impossible
to measure using electrochemical cells with liquid junctions. The key steps followed to …

CONCLUSIONS The original objectives of this work have been met in that a well-defined
instrumental and procedural approach has been developed which is suitable for …

Although the use of ion-selective electrodes in nonaqueous and mixed aqueousorganic
solvents dates back to the early days of these electrochemical sensors [1-8], their application …

The emf values between a chloride electrode and a reference electrode were measured in
aqueous NaCl solutions between 10− 5 and 6 m, saturated KC1 and 1M KNO 3 bridges …

The attractive features of potentiometric analysis have contributed to its widespread
application and motivated research in related topics. Clinical analysis is one of the domains …

The membrane potential represents the potential difference measuredbetween two
electrodes dipping into media in contact with both membrane walls. This potential difference …

Glass-electrode assemblies in which the reference half-cell contains a porous ceramic type
of liquid junction are likely to produce misleading pH measurements under normal service …