Nuclear effector proteins released by bacteria, oomycete, nematode, and fungi burden the
global environment and crop yield. Microbial effectors are key weapons in the evolutionary …

Plant immune responses depend on the ability to couple rapid recognition of the invading
microbe to an efficient response. During evolution, plant pathogens have acquired the ability …

Plants are sessile organisms that have evolved exquisite and sophisticated mechanisms to
adapt to their biotic and abiotic environment. Plants deploy receptors and vast signalling …

In plant–microbe interactions, symbionts and pathogens live within plants and attempt to
avoid triggering plant defense responses. In order to do so, these microbes have evolved …

Filamentous phytopathogens form sophisticated intracellular feeding structures called
haustoria in plant cells. Pathogen effectors are likely to play a role in the establishment and …

Plants are sessile organisms living in an environment rich in microbes that are potentially
able to cause disease. As a result, plant survival depends on the ability to couple rapid …

Communication between the cytoplasm and the nucleus is a fundamental feature shared by
both plant and animal cells. Cellular factors involved in the transport of macromolecules …

The nuclear import of proteins is a fundamental process in the eukaryotes including plant. It
has become evident that such basic process is exploited by nuclear effectors that contain …

Unlike animals, plants do not have specialized immune cells and lack an adaptive immune
system. Instead, plant cells rely on their unique innate immune system to defend against …

Plant parasitic nematodes are microscopic worms, the most damaging species of which
have adopted a sedentary lifestyle within their hosts. These obligate endoparasites have a …