Locally produced transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) promotes tumor-induced
immunosuppression and contributes to resistance to immunotherapy. This article explores …

Therapies targeting transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling using neutralizing
antibodies and small molecular inhibitors are in multiple clinical trails. However, TGFβ is …

Background Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) can limit the efficacy of cancer
treatments, including radiotherapy (RT), by inducing an immunosuppressive tumor …

Background The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pathway is a well-described inducer of
immunosuppression and can act as an oncogenic factor in advanced tumors. Several …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a cytokine with complex biological functions that
may involve tumor promotion or tumor suppression. It has been reported that multiple types …

Background Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is emerging as a promising target for
cancer therapy, given its ability to promote progression of advanced tumors and to suppress …

While checkpoint blockade immunotherapies have widespread success, they rely on a
responsive immune infiltrate; as such, treatments enhancing immune infiltration and …

Cancer progression is attributed in part to immune evasion strategies that include lack of co-
stimulation, down-regulation of cell surface MHC molecules, and secretion of …

Immune homeostasis is a delicate balance between the immune defense against foreign
pathogens and suppression of the immune system to maintain self-tolerance and prevent …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is an immunosuppressive cytokine produced by tumour
cells and immune cells that can polarize many components of the immune system. This …