T he ABCD A ssessment tool has been updated in the recent guidelines–the number
provides information regarding airflow limitation (spirometry grading 1-4) and the letter …

Background In a prespecified subgroup analysis of the 4-year trial" Understanding Potential
Long-term Impacts on Function with Tiotropium", the efficacy of tiotropium versus control in …

The aim of the present study was investigate the long-term effect of tiotropium as first
maintenance respiratory medication in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A 4 …

Exacerbations are the most frequent cause of medical visits, hospital admissions and death
among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Tiotropium bromide is …

In this randomised double-blind study, patients≥ 40 years old with COPD, a smoking history
of≥ 10 pack-years, a pre-bronchodilator FEV1 of≤ 60% predicted and an FEV1/FVC of≤ …

BACKGROUND: Guidelines recommend the use of inhaled long-acting bronchodilators,
inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and their combinations for maintenance treatment of moderate …

Background Clinical trials of tiotropium have principally recruited patients from secondary
care with more severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and typically had …

Data on the long− term effect of tiotropium (TIO) in COPD patients not on maintenance (MN)
drugs would assist determining initial choice of therapy. The effect of TIO in COPD was …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common disease with an estimated
global prevalence of 11.7%, affecting almost 400 million people around the world. 1 In the …

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) guidelines recommend long-
acting bronchodilator (muscarinic antagonist or β 2-agonist) maintenance therapy from …