Background Debate continues as to whether acute bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR)
predicts long-term outcomes in COPD. Furthermore, there is no consensus on a threshold …

The degree of acute improvement in spirometric indices after bronchodilator inhalation
varies among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, and depends upon …

Objective and background: The addition of an alternative class of long‐acting bronchodilator
is recommended for COPD patients who do not respond satisfactorily to monotherapy. The …

Objectives: To determine whether long-term symptomatic improvement occurs in COPD
patients with maintenance bronchodilator therapy despite a nonsignificant short-term …

Background Interactions between spirometry and patient-reported outcomes in COPD are
not well understood. This systematic review and study-level analysis investigated the …

Background Combining bronchodilators has been shown to be beneficial in patients with
COPD. The additive effects of short-acting bronchodilators added to maintenance tiotropium …

Whilst recent large-scale studies have provided much evidence on the natural history and
therapeutic response in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) …

Background Early treatment response markers, for example, improvement in forced
expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) …

The 3-min constant speed shuttle test (CSST) was used to examine the effect of
tiotropium/olodaterol compared with tiotropium at reducing activity-related breathlessness in …

Background: A limited or absent bronchodilator response is used to classify chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and can determine the treatment offered. The …