Only a few years ago it was demonstrated that mammalian DNA contains oxidized forms of 5-
methylcytosine (5mC). The base 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is the most abundant of …

Abstract The DNA base 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is produced by enzymatic
oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) by 5mC oxidases (the Tet proteins). Since 5hmC is …

Mammalian DNA contains two modified cytosine bases; 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-
hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Both of these have been known for decades but have …

Methylcytosine (5mC) in genomic DNA has important epigenetic functions in embryonic
development and tumor biology. 5‐Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is generated from 5mC …

The patterns of DNA methylation in human cancer cells are highly abnormal and often
involve the acquisition of DNA hypermethylation at hundreds or thousands of CpG islands …

Abstract The epigenetic mark 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) has gained interest since
2009, when it was discovered that Ten-Eleven-Translocation (TET) proteins catalyze the …

Prior to 2009, 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) was thought to be the only biologically significant
cytosine modification in mammalian DNA. With the discovery of the TET enzymes, which …

DNA methylation at the 5 position of cytosine (5-mC) has emerged as a key epigenetic
marker that plays essential roles in various biological and pathological processes. 5-mC can …

Recent reports suggest that the Tet enzyme family catalytically oxidize 5-methylcytosine in
mammalian cells. The oxidation of 5-methylcytosine can result in three chemically distinct …

Methylcytosine and methylated histones have been considered for a long time as stable
epigenetic marks of chromatin involved in gene regulation. This concept has been recently …