Due to direct contact with aquatic environment, mucosal surfaces of teleost fish are
continuously exposed to a vast number of pathogens and also inhabited by high densities of …

As physical barriers that separate teleost fish from the external environment, mucosae are
also active immunological sites that protect them against exposure to microbes and …

Fish are subjected to several insults from the environment, which may endanger animal
survival. Mucosal surfaces are the first line of defense against these threats, acting as a …

Teleost fish possess an adaptive immune system associated with each of their mucosal
body surfaces. Evidence obtained from mucosal vaccination and mucosal infection studies …

The gastrointestinal immune system plays an important role in immune homeostasis
regulation. It regulates the symbiotic host-microbiome interactions by training and …

The field of mucosal immunology research has grown fast over the past few years, and our
understanding on how mucosal surfaces respond to complex antigenic cocktails is …

Immunoglobulins (Igs) are complex glycoproteins that play critical functions in innate and
adaptive immunity of all jawed vertebrates. Given the unique characteristics of mucosal …

The buccal mucosa (BM) is a critical first line of defense in terrestrial animals. To gain further
insights into the evolutionary origins and primordial roles of BM in teleosts here we show …

With lymphoid tissue anatomy different than mammals, and diverse adaptations to all
aquatic environments, fish constitute a fascinating group of vertebrate to study the biology of …

Cellular immune responses consist of innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune
mechanisms, where all leukocyte subpopulations are included. Among these are vital …