Addiction is associated with neuroplasticity in the corticostriatal brain circuitry that is
important for guiding adaptive behaviour. The hierarchy of corticostriatal information …

Cortico-striatal glutamate transmission has been implicated in both the initiation and
expression of addiction related behaviors, such as locomotor sensitization and drug …

The repeated use of drugs that directly or indirectly stimulate dopamine transmission carry
addiction liability and produce enduring pathological changes in the brain circuitry that …

Substance dependence is characterized by a group of symptoms, according to the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV …

Addiction is characterized as a chronic relapsing disorder whereby addicted individuals
persistently engage in drug seeking and use despite profound negative consequences. The …

Traditionally, addiction research in neuroscience has focused on mechanisms involving
dopamine and endogenous opioids. More recently, it has been realized that glutamate also …

The nucleus accumbens is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and integrates
information from cortical and limbic structures to mediate goal-directed behaviors. Chronic …

Prime diagnostic criteria for drug addiction include uncontrollable urges to obtain drugs and
reduced behavioral responding for natural rewards. Cellular adaptations in the glutamate …

Commonalities in addictive behavior, such as craving, stimuli-driven drug seeking, and a
high propensity for relapse following abstinence, have pushed for a unified theory of …

Long‐lasting alterations in the efficacy of glutamatergic synapses, such as long‐term
potentiation (LTP) and long‐term depression (LTD), are prominent models for mechanisms …