Integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process is considered as one of the leading-
edge processes that provides a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment. IFAS was …

Integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) is a hybrid wastewater treatment process that
combines suspended and attached growth. The current review provides an overview of the …

Integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) processes are becoming more popular for both
secondary and sidestream treatment in wastewater facilities. These processes are a …

Integrated fixed-film activated sludge systems (IFFAS) may achieve year-round nitrification
or gain additional treatment capacity due to the presence of both flocs and biofilms, and the …

Integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) is an increasingly popular modification of
conventional activated sludge, consisting of the addition of solid media to bioreactors to …

The conventional activated sludge (CAS) process has been widely employed for wastewater
treatment for more than one hundred years. Recently, more and more concerns have been …

The integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system is a variation of the activated sludge
wastewater treatment process, in which hybrid suspended and attached biomass is used to …

Integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) that combines the activated sludge (suspended
flocs) and attached biofilm has been applied in municipal wastewater treatment to promote …

Trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) often pass through conventional activated sludge
wastewater treatment plants (CAS-WWTPs) and are discharged into surface waters, where …

This study compared microbial characteristics and oil sands process-affected water (OSPW)
treatment performance of five types of microbial biomass (MBBR-biofilm, IFAS-biofilm, IFAS …