Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Gram negative bacteria are one of the most potent stimulators
of the host innate immune system and LPS recognition is essential for the host organism to …

According to the innate immunity concept [1], animals defend themselves from microbes by
recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns. To detect many Gram-negative …

Gram-negative bacteria decorate their outermost surface structure, lipopolysaccharide, with
elaborate chemical moieties, which effectively disguises them from immune surveillance and …

Systemic inflammation is associated with chronic disease and is purported to be a main
pathogenic mechanism underlying metabolic conditions. Microbes harbored in the host …

The defining feature of the Gram-negative cell envelope is the presence of two cellular
membranes, with the specialized glycolipid lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exclusively found on …

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall component characteristic of Gram-negative
bacteria, is a representative pathogen-associated molecular pattern that allows mammalian …

The innate immune system serves as a first line of defense against microbial pathogens. The
host innate immune response can be triggered by recognition of conserved non-self …

Cross-talk between enteral microbiota and human host is essential for the development and
maintenance of the human gastrointestinal and systemic immune systems. The presence of …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major cell surface molecule of gram-negative bacteria,
deposited on the outer leaflet of the outer membrane bilayer. LPS can be subdivided into …

The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a heterogeneous and complex microbial
community, which plays a key role in human health. The gut microbiota controls the …