Traumatic peripheral neuropathic pain is a complex syndrome caused by a primary lesion or
dysfunction of the peripheral nervous system. Secondary to the lesion, resident or infiltrating …

Neuropathic pain pathogenesis is not only confined to changes in the activity of neuronal
systems, but also involves neuro-immune interactions mediated by inflammatory cytokines …

A high-intensity potentially tissue-injuring stimulus generates a homotopic response to
escape the stimulus and is associated with an affective phenotype considered to represent …

Current evidence suggests that activation of glial and immune cells leads to increased
production of proinflammatory mediators, creating a neuroinflammatory state …

The nociceptive nervous system and the immune system serve to defend and alarm the host
of imminent or actual damage. However, persistent or recurring exposure of neurons to …

Pain can be induced by tissue injuries, diseases and infections. The interactions between
the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and immune system are primary actions in pain …

Background Acute pain is a warning mechanism that exists to prevent tissue damage,
however pain can outlast its protective purpose and persist beyond injury, becoming …

The role of neuroinflammatory cells in the establishment of neuropathic pain has been
investigated in depth in the last few years. In particular, microglia have been shown to be …

Both pain and inflammation are protective responses. However, these self-limiting
conditions (with well-established negative feedback loops) become pathological if left …

The peripheral nervous system comprises an infinity of neural networks that act in the
communication between the central nervous system and the most diverse tissues of the …