Ligands of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) superfamily of growth factors initiate
signal transduction through a bewildering complexity of ligand–receptor interactions …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) initiates its diverse cellular responses by binding to
and activating specific cell surface receptors that have intrinsic serine/threonine kinase …

The TGF-β family comprises many structurally related differentiation factors that act through
a heteromeric receptor complex at the cell surface and an intracellular signal transducing …

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family proteins control cell physiology, proliferation, and
growth, and direct cell differentiation, thus playing key roles in normal development and …

Members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family are highly conserved
multifunctional cell–cell signaling proteins that are of key importance for controlling …

Smad transcription factors lie at the core of one of the most versatile cytokine signaling
pathways in metazoan biology—the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) pathway. Recent …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and structurally related factors use several intracellular
signaling pathways in addition to Smad signaling to regulate a wide array of cellular …

The discovery of SMAD proteins has allowed the delineation of a mechanism by which TGF-
β and related growth factors convey their signals from membrane receptors all the way into …

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathways are implicated in metazoan development,
adult homeostasis and disease. TGFβ ligands signal via receptor serine/threonine kinases …

Recent studies have consolidated the pivotal role of Smads as intracellular effectors of TGF-
β family members. Upon binding to their specific type I and type II serine/threonine kinase …