Maladaptive avoidance behaviour is often observed in patients suffering from anxiety and
trauma-and stressor-related disorders. The prefrontal-amygdala-hippocampus network is …

Altered medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and amygdala function is associated with anxiety-
related disorders. While the mPFC-amygdala pathway has a clear role in fear conditioning …

The hippocampus has been implicated in anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD); human studies suggest that a dysfunctional hippocampus may be a …

Background Positron emission tomography, which assesses the binding of translocator
protein radiotracers, 11 C-DPA-713, may be a sensitive method for determining glial …

Neuroinflammation is discussed to play a role in specific subgroups of different psychiatric
disorders, including anxiety disorders. We have previously shown that a mouse model of …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) characterized by inflammation, but also degenerative changes. Besides neurological …

Many forms of human psychopathology are characterized by sustained negative emotional
responses to threat and chronic behavioral avoidance, implicating avoidance as a potential …

Fear extinction is a powerful model of adaptive and anxiety-related maladaptive fear
inhibition. This learning process is dependent upon plastic interactions between the …

As a means of coping, avoidance encompasses thoughts and efforts toward prevention of
future aversive experiences and events. Avoidance has been and remains controversial …

Adaptive functioning is thought to reflect a balance between approach and avoidance neural
systems with imbalances often producing pathological forms of avoidance. Yet little …