Emerging findings indicate there is a vital cross-talk between gut microbiota and the lungs,
which is known as gut–lung axis. The gut disturbances in lung diseases including allergy …

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of the immune system and
confers benefits or disease susceptibility to the host. Emerging studies have indicated the …

The lungs, as a place of gas exchange, are continuously exposed to environmental stimuli,
such as allergens, microbes, and pollutants. The development of the culture-independent …

The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem involved in the metabolism, immunity,
and health of the host. The microbiome plays a key role in the development of the host's …

Gut microbiota interacts with host immune system in ways that influence the development of
disease. Advances in respiratory immune system also broaden our knowledge of the …

Gut microbiota are known to impact multiple organs including the lung. The cross talk
between gut microbes and lungs, termed as the “gut–lung axis,” is vital for immune response …

The microbiota is vital for the development of the immune system and homeostasis.
Changes in microbial composition and function, termed dysbiosis, in the respiratory tract and …

Human body surfaces, such as the skin, intestines, and respiratory and urogenital tracts, are
colonized by a large number of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, with …

The intestine is a critical site of immune cell development that not only controls intestinal
immunity but extra‐intestinal immunity as well. Recent findings have highlighted important …

Host− microbiota interaction plays fundamental roles in the homeostasis of mucosal
immunity. Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota has been demonstrated to participate in various …