HIV infection is associated with a state of chronic, generalized immune activation that has
been shown in many studies to be a key predictor of progression to AIDS. Consistent with …

Introduction: Antiretroviral treatment of HIV infection reduces, but does not eliminate, viral
replication and down modulates immune activation. The persistence of low level HIV …

Systemic chronic immune activation is considered today as the driving force of CD 4+ T‐cell
depletion and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A residual chronic immune …

With the advent of highly effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), infection with human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become a chronic disease rather than a death sentence …

There is an intense interplay between HIV and the immune system, and the literature is
replete with studies describing various immunological phenomena associated with HIV …

HIV-1 can establish both long lived and productive infection of macrophages (Mφ) but
circulating monocytes are less permissive to infection. Multiple studies have identified …

A large number of experimental studies have been performed over the past decade in an
attempt to develop a vaccine for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These studies have …

Although antiretroviral therapy effectively controls human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
replication, a residual chronic immune activation/inflammation persists throughout the …

Antiretroviral drugs currently in use for treating HIV-1 infection are very effective at
maintaining low viral loads and clinical stability, but have been limited by their inability to …

Peripheral blood CD4+ T cell counts are a key measure for assessing disease progression
and need for antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients. More recently, studies have …