Overactivity of the germinal center (GC) pathway resulting from accumulation of follicular
helper T (Tfh) cells causes autoimmunity, underscoring the need to understand the factors …

Spontaneously developed germinal centers (GCs [Spt-GCs]) harbor autoreactive B cells that
generate somatically mutated and class-switched pathogenic autoantibodies (auto-Abs) to …

Dysregulated germinal center (GC) responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of human
autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although both type 1 …

Objective This study was undertaken to identify characteristics of follicular regulatory T (Tfr)
cells and elucidate the mechanisms by which follicular helper T (Tfh) cells convert to Tfr …

Recent studies have identified critical roles for B cells in triggering autoimmune germinal
centers (GCs) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other disorders. The mechanisms …

Highlights•Tfh and GC response is hyperactivated in human autoimmune
diseases.•Aberrant Tfh response can be monitored by the analysis of cTfh cells.•Inflamed …

T cell help for antibody production is a fundamental aspect of immune responses. Only
recently has a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms for T cell help …

A hallmark of autoimmunity in murine models of lupus is the formation of germinal centers
(GCs) in lymphoid tissues where self-reactive B cells expand and differentiate. In the host …

The mechanisms by which FOXP3+ T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells simultaneously steer
antibody formation toward microbe or vaccine recognition and away from self-reactivity …

Summary Type 1 interferon (T1IFN) signaling promotes inflammation and lupus pathology,
but its role in autoreactive B cell development in the antibody-forming cell (AFC) and …