Memory B cells (MBCs) protect the body from recurring infections. MBCs differ from their
naive counterparts (NBCs) in many ways, but functional and surface marker differences are …

We comprehensively review memory B cells (MBCs), covering the definition of MBCs and
their identities and subsets, how MBCs are generated, where they are localized, how they …

Memory B cells are more heterogeneous than previously thought. Given that B cells play
powerful antibody-independent effector functions, it seems reasonable to assume division of …

Following an immune response two types of differentiated B cells persist in the memory pool:
plasma cells, which confer immediate protection by the secretion of specific antibodies; and …

In mammals, adaptive immunity is mediated by a broadly diverse repertoire of naive B and T
lymphocytes that recirculate between secondary lymphoid organs. Initial antigen exposure …

Epithelial barriers, which include the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary mucosa,
compose the body's front line of defense. Since barrier tissues are persistently exposed to …

Recent advances in studies of immune memory in mice and humans have reinforced the
concept that memory B cells play a critical role in protection against repeated infections …

Vaccines that induce neutralizing antibodies have led to the eradication of small pox and
have severely reduced the prevalence of many other infections. However, even the most …

Memory B cells are at the center of longstanding controversies regarding the presence of
antigen for their survival and their re-engagement in germinal centers after secondary …

Memory B cells (mBCs) are a key to immunologic memory, yet their distribution within
lymphoid organs and the individual role of these for mBC functionality remain largely …