The innate immune system plays a critical role in pathogen recognition and initiation of
protective immune response through the recognition of pathogen associated molecular …

Virus-encoded molecular signatures, such as cytosolic double-stranded or otherwise
biochemically distinct RNA species, trigger cellular antiviral signaling. Cytoplasmic proteins …

Viral infections pose a severe threat to humans by causing many infectious, even fatal,
diseases, such as the current pandemic disease (COVID-19) since 2019, and understanding …

Initiating the immune response to invading pathogens, the innate immune system is
constituted of immune receptors (pattern recognition receptors, PRR) that sense microbe …

Viral infection is detected by the host innate immune system. Innate immune cells such as
dendritic cells and macrophages detect nucleic acids derived from viruses through pattern …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) survey intra-and extracellular spaces for pathogen-
associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) within microbial products of infection. Recognition …

The immune response to virus infection is initiated when pathogen recognition receptors
(PRRs) of the host cell recognize specific nonself-motifs within viral products (known as a …

Viral infections are detected by sensor molecules, which initiate innate antiviral responses,
including the activation of type I interferons (IFNs) and proinflammatory cytokines. These …

RNA works as a genome and messenger in RNA viruses, and it sends messages in most of
the creatures of the Earth, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. The human …

The innate immune system relies on a germ-line-encoded repertoire of pattern recognition
receptors (PRRs), activated by deeply conserved pathogen signatures, such as bacterial cell …