Lung ventilation fluctuates widely with behavior but arterial PCO 2 remains stable. Under
normal conditions, the chemoreflexes contribute to PaCO 2 stability by producing small …

Cardiorespiratory activity is controlled by a network of neurons located within the lower
brainstem. The basic rhythm of breathing is generated by neuronal circuits within the …

In this review we discuss the implications for ventilatory control of newer evidence
suggesting that central and peripheral chemoreceptors are not functionally separate but …

In conscious mammals, hypoxia or hypercapnia stimulates breathing while theoretically
exerting opposite effects on central respiratory chemoreceptors (CRCs). We tested this …

Breathing automaticity and CO2 regulation are inseparable neural processes. The
retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), a group of glutamatergic neurons that express the …

By definition central respiratory chemoreceptors (CRCs) are cells that are sensitive to
changes in brain PCO2 or pH and contribute to the stimulation of breathing elicited by …

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) patients show impaired ventilatory
responses and loss of breathlessness to hypercapnia, yet arouse from sleep to high CO2 …

In this review, we examine why blood pressure (BP) and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA)
increase during a rise in central nervous system (CNS) Pco2 (central chemoreceptor …

CENTRAL CHEMORECEPTION refers to detection of CO2/pH within the brain and the
subsequent reflex effects on breathing. It involves multiple sites within the hindbrain (9, 12 …

Background Human breathing is regulated by feedback and feed-forward control
mechanisms, allowing a strict matching between metabolic needs and the uptake of oxygen …