Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer, closely related to smoking,
are major lung diseases affecting millions of individuals worldwide. The generated gas …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are leading cause of death,
and both are associated with cigarette smoke exposure. It has been shown that 50–70% of …

Tobacco smoking is a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and
atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). These diseases share common …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complex chronic inflammatory disease
involving a wide variety of cells and inflammatory mediators. The most important etiological …

Cigarette smoke is a complex aerosol containing a large number of compounds with a
variety of toxicity and carcinogenicity. Long-term exposure to cigarette smoke significantly …

Both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are major causes of
death worldwide. In most cases this reflects cigarette smoke exposure which is able to …

Introduction: Lung cancer and COPD commonly coexist in smokers, and the presence of
COPD increases the risk of developing lung cancer. In addition to smoking cessation and …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), comprised of pulmonary emphysema,
chronic bronchitis, and structural and inflammatory changes of small airways, is a leading …

Cigarette smoking (CS) can impact the immune system and induce pulmonary disorders
such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is currently the fourth leading …

The epithelial lining of the airway forms the first barrier against environmental insults, such
as inhaled cigarette smoke, which is the primary risk factor for the development of chronic …