▪ Abstract Cyclic nucleotide–activated ion channels play a fundamental role in a variety of
physiological processes. By opening in response to intracellular cyclic nucleotides, they …

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-modulated (HCN) channels and cyclic
nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are activated by the direct binding of cyclic nucleotides …

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are ion channels which are activated by the
binding of cGMP or cAMP. The channels are important cellular switches which transduce …

Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide–gated (HCN) channels are important
members of the voltage-gated pore loop channels family. They show unique features: they …

Highlights•Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) cation channels are
involved in multiple physiological processes.•HCN channels are excellent targets of various …

H yperpolarization-activated and c yclic n ucleotide-gated (HCN) channels belong to the
superfamily of voltage-gated pore loop channels. HCN channels are unique among …

Cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD) channels are a family of ion channels in the
voltage-gated K+ channel superfamily that play crucial roles in many physiological …

Cyclic nucleotides (cNMPs) regulate the activity of various proteins by interacting with a
conserved cyclic nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD). Although X-ray crystallographic …

Hyperpolarization‐activated and cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) channels were first reported
in heart cells and are recently known to be involved in a variety of neural functions in healthy …

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) cation channels control the
rhythmic activity of heart and neuronal networks. The activation of these channels is …