Introduction Vaccines are powerful tools for controlling microbial infections and preventing
epidemics. To enhance the immune response to antigens, effective subunit vaccines or …

[Frontiers in Bioscience 9, 2972-2988, September 1, 2004] 2972 CURRENT VACCINE
ADJUVANTS: AN OVERVIEW OF A DIVERSE CLASS Charlot Page 1 [Frontiers in Bioscience …

Traditional aluminum adjuvants can trigger strong humoral immunity but weak cellular
immunity, limiting their application in some vaccines. Currently, various immunomodulators …

Vaccine adjuvants interact with the immune system, to increase the potency of vaccine
antigens. Many of the adjuvants currently available were developed with little understanding …

Since the earliest attempts to raise significant immune responses against nonliving agents,
investigators have tried to identify useful additives that can be combined with antigens to …

Vaccines are the most important preventive measure against infectious diseases. In
developing an effective vaccine, besides the primary challenge of identifying the most …

Vaccines represent the most efficient tool for preventing diseases caused by infectious
pathogens. During the last century significant progress has been made in vaccine …

Although there are only four adjuvants used in licensed vaccines for humans, a wealth of
information on novel vaccine adjuvants has become available in both animal models and …

Over the last decade, there has been a flurry of research on adjuvants for vaccines, and
several novel adjuvants are now in licensed products or in late stage clinical development …

The majority of vaccine antigens currently under investigation represent recombinant
molecules or subunits of pathogens with little or no inherent immunostimulatory property …