The specific regulation of inflammatory processes by steroid hormones has been actively
studied in recent years, especially by progesterone (P4) and progestins. The mechanisms of …

Progesterone (P4) and its analogues regulate various reproductive processes, such as
ovulation, implantation, pregnancy maintenance and delivery. In these processes, an …

A bidirectional communication exists between the CNS and the immune system. The
autonomic nervous system, through neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, works in parallel …

Sexual dimorphism is evident in the risk and expression of several human autoimmune
diseases. Differences in disease manifestations observed between sexes are likely to …

Populations of macrophages and neutrophils in the uterus are under the control of the
female sex steroids estrogen and progesterone (P4). Their influx is induced by estrogen …

Progesterone is well known for its numerous endocrinologic roles in pregnancy but is also
endowed with fascinating immunomodulatory capabilities. It can downregulate the induction …

The key physiological function of the endometrium is preparation for implantation; and in the
absence of pregnancy, menstruation and repair. The withdrawal of progesterone is the …

Spontaneous labor in women and in other mammals is likely mediated by a concerted series
of biochemical events that negatively impact the ability of the progesterone receptor (PR) to …

There is still an unresolved paradox with respect to the immunomodulating role of estrogens.
On one side, we recognize inhibition of bone resorption and suppression of inflammation in …

Menstruation has many of the features of an inflammatory process. The complexity and
sequence of inflammatory-type events leading to the final tissue breakdown and bleeding …