The members of the Tear Film Subcommittee reviewed the role of the tear film in dry eye
disease (DED). The Subcommittee reviewed biophysical and biochemical aspects of tears …

Objective To evaluate the evidence in the peer-reviewed literature regarding the use of tear
osmolarity as a physiological marker to diagnose, grade severity, and track therapeutic …

The ocular surface, tear film, lacrimal glands, and eyelids act as a functional unit to preserve
the quality of the refractive surface of the eye and to resist injury and protect the eye against …

Dry eye syndrome (DES) refers to a spectrum of ocular surface diseases with diverse and
frequently multiple aetiologies. The common feature of the various manifestations of DES is …

Publication of the DEWS report in 2007 established the state of the science of dry eye
disease (DED). Since that time, new evidence suggests that a rethinking of traditional …

Two major forms of dry eye exist, aqueous-deficient (ADDE) and evaporative (EDE). 1 A
major inflammatory component is also recognised. 1-2 The two forms have global features in …

Tears have a vital function to protect and lubricate the ocular surface. Tear production,
distribution and clearance is tightly regulated by the lacrimal functional unit (LFU) to meet …

Dry Eye Dry eye is a common, painful ocular disturbance that can result from systemic
inflammatory diseases, localized eye problems, or commonly used medications. Current …

Abstract The TFOS DEWS II Pathophysiology Subcommittee reviewed the mechanisms
involved in the initiation and perpetuation of dry eye disease. Its central mechanism is …

Abstract On March 21, 2015, a meeting was held in London, United Kingdom, to address the
progress in targeting the unmet need for dry eye disease (DED) treatment. The meeting …