Background The Barthel Index dyspnea (BId) is responsive to physiological changes and
pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) …

Background As Barthel Index (BI) quantifies motor impairment but not breathlessness, the
use of only this index could underestimate disability in chronic respiratory disease (CRD). To …

Objective To determine when a difference in FEV 1 is sufficiently large to be associated with
a noticeable difference in dyspnea symptoms for patients with chronic lung disease. Design …

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the moderate term (5 weeks) reproducibility of
Borg scale ratings of the effort to breathe (Borg e) and the degree of discomfort evoked by …

Background Assessment of dyspnea in COPD patients relies in clinical practice on the
modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale, whereas the Baseline Dyspnea Index …

Background and objective According to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung
Disease (GOLD) guidelines, either a modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea …

Background: Although guidelines recommend monitoring symptoms in patients with chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is limited information on the longitudinal …

BACKGROUND: The Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) scale, baseline dyspnea
index (BDI) and the oxygen cost diagram (OCD) are widely used tools for evaluation of …

Background: Different spirometric criteria in diagnosing COPD have been advocated by
different groups, debilitating adequate diagnosis and treatment of COPD. We reviewed the …

Background The modified version of the Pulmonary Functional Status and Dyspnea
Questionnaire (PFSDQ-M) is used in patients with COPD to obtain information about their …