2126 Circulation May 28, 2013 alternates with a ring of smooth muscle, forming a lamellar
unit. 20 The elastic lamellae allow an artery to respond to the increased hemodynamic …

Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a microdeletion disorder caused by heterozygous loss
of approximately 1.5-Mb pairs of DNA from chromosome 7. Patients with WBS have a …

Williams syndrome (WS) is a congenital disorder affecting the vascular, connective tissue,
and central nervous systems of 1 in 8,000 live births. Previous reports have reported high …

Objective: To analyze the incidence and severity of cardiovascular disease in patients with
Williams syndrome (WS) and to identify factors contributing to its variable expression …

Williams syndrome (WS) is a developmental disorder affecting connective tissue and the
central nervous system. A common feature of WS, supravalvular aortic stenosis, is also a …

Objective—Williams syndrome is characterized by obstructive aortopathy attributable to
heterozygous loss of ELN, the gene encoding elastin. Lesions are thought to result primarily …

Williams syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a variable phenotype.
Molecular genetic studies have indicated that hemizygosity at the elastin locus (ELN) may …

Williams syndrome is caused by the deletion of 26 to 28 genes, including elastin, on human
chromosome 7. Elastin insufficiency leads to the cardiovascular hallmarks of this condition …

In the nearly 50 years since the description of Williams syndrome by [Williams et al.(1961);
Circulation 24: 1311–1318], the focus of scientific inquiry has shifted from identification …

Objectives. We used intraluminal ultrasound imaging to provide additional information about
the vascular pathology in Williams syndrome. Background. The cardiovascular pathology of …