Introduction Gallic acid (GA) has a good therapeutic effect in bacteriological inhibition and
plays a variety of functions in maintaining the stability of the immune system. The aim of the …

The increased level of glycolysis in macrophage aggravates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-
induced acute lung injury (ALI). Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) serves as a ubiquitously …

In this study, we investigated the effects of gallic acid (GA) in intracellular signaling within
murine macrophages and its contribution to host immunity during Brucella infection. In vitro …

Acute Vibrio cholerae infection triggers significant inflammatory response and immense fluid
secretion in the intestine. In the present study, methyl gallate (MG) isolated from Terminalia …

Introduction The lack of effective anti-inflammatory therapies for pneumonia represents a
challenge for identifying new alternatives. Non-digestible galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) …

Abstract Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) critically controls phagosome acidification to
promote pathogen digestion and clearance in macrophage. However, the specific subunits …

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a facultative intracellular
pathogen that causes salmonellosis and mortality worldwide. S. Typhimurium infects …

Apoptosis and NETosis of neutrophils are two major mechanisms of programmed cell death
that differ in their morphological characteristics and effects on the immune system. Apoptosis …

Acute lung injury (ALI) causes lung inflammation and edema as well as resulting in gut
microbiota disorder. Probiotics, however, can improve the gut microbiota composition and …

Neutrophils are the first-line defense against microbes. Enhancing the microbicidal activity of
neutrophils could complement direct antimicrobial therapy for controlling intractable …