Bacteria that cause infectious diseases adopt biofilms as one of their most prevalent
lifestyles. Biofilms enable bacteria to tolerate environmental stress and evade antibacterial …

Pathogenic microorganisms and their chronic pathogenicity are significant concerns in
biomedical research. Biofilm-linked persistent infections are not easy to treat due to resident …

Biofilm formation significantly contributes to microbial survival in hostile environments and it
is currently considered a key virulence factor for pathogens responsible for serious chronic …

Most free-living bacteria can attach to surfaces and aggregate to grow into multicellular
communities encased in extracellular polymeric substances called biofilms. Biofilms are …

Biofilm refers to the complex, sessile communities of microbes found either attached to a
surface or buried firmly in an extracellular matrix as aggregates. The biofilm matrix …

In the biofilm form, bacteria are more resistant to various antimicrobial treatments. Bacteria in
a biofilm can also survive harsh conditions and withstand the host's immune system …

Biofilm formation on surfaces via microbial colonization causes infections and has become a
major health issue globally. The biofilm lifestyle provides resistance to environmental …

Biofilm-associated bacteria are less sensitive to antibiotics than free-living (planktonic) cells.
Furthermore, with variations in the concentration of antibiotics throughout a biofilm, microbial …

A biofilm is a community of stable microorganisms encapsulated in an extracellular matrix
produced by themselves. Many types of microorganisms that are found on living hosts or in …

Many bacteria grow on surfaces forming biofilms. In this structure, they are well protected
and often high dosages of antibiotics cannot clear infectious biofilms. The formation and …