Based on its effects on both tumour cell intrinsic malignant properties as well as anti-tumour
immune responses, tryptophan catabolism has emerged as an important metabolic regulator …

Metabolism of tryptophan (Trp), an essential amino acid, represent a major metabolic
pathway that both promotes tumor cell intrinsic malignant properties as well as restricts …

Abstract Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), IDO2, and tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase
(TDO) comprise a family of enzymes that catalyze the first-and rate-limiting step associated …

Over the last decade, tryptophan catabolism has been firmly established as a powerful
mechanism of innate and adaptive immune tolerance. The catabolism of tryptophan is a …

Blockade of the immunosuppressive tryptophan catabolism mediated by indoleamine 2, 3-
dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase (TDO) holds enormous promise for …

Immunooncology is still a growing area in cancer therapy. Drugs within this therapeutic
approach do not directly target/attack the tumor but interfere with immune checkpoints and …

Abstract l-Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP) is involved in
the regulation of immunity, neuronal function and intestinal homeostasis. Imbalances in Trp …

Highlights•The mechanisms by which TDO/IDO1/IDO2 exert their immunosuppressive
effects in cancer.•Active site topological features important to drug design for each …

Tryptophan catabolism in cancer is increasingly being recognized as an important
microenvironmental factor that suppresses antitumor immune responses. It has been …

The tryptophan (TRP) to kynurenine (KYN) metabolic pathway is now firmly established as a
key regulator of innate and adaptive immunity. A plethora of preclinical models suggests that …