Introduction The highly infectious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now rapidly
spread around the world. This meta-analysis was strictly focused on the influence of …

Introduction Smoking causes inflammation of the lung epithelium by releasing cytokines and
impairing mucociliary clearance. Some studies have linked smoking with severity of illness …

Various comorbidities represent risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐
19). The impact of smoking on COVID‐19 severity has been previously reported in several …

Background There is a lot of debate about the effects of smoking on COVID-19. A recent
fixed-effects meta-analysis found smoking to be associated with disease severity among …

Background. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR2‐COV‐2) and was first identified in Wuhan, China, in …

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has raised concern regarding risk factors associated with
disease severity and case fatality. In this context, the association of smoking with severity …

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and effects of current
smoking on adverse outcomes among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: A …

BACKGROUND Smokers are generally more susceptible to infectious respiratory diseases
and are at higher risk of developing severe complications from these infections. Conflicting …

Methods PubMed database was searched to look for relevant articles. Inclusion criteria were
as follows:(1) cohort studies or case series studies;(2) study population included individuals …

METHODS Electronic databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Science
Direct, Google Scholar, were systematically searched from the initiation of the database until …