The human gastrointestinal tract (GI) harbors a diverse population of microbial life that
continually shapes host pathophysiological responses. Despite readily available abundant …

Highlights•Intestinal microbiota performs diverse metabolic functions essential for host
physiology.•Small molecule products of microbiota metabolism act as nutrients and …

The human intestine harbors an immense, diverse, and critical population of bacteria that
has effects on numerous aspects of host physiology, immunity, and disease. Emerging …

Gastrointestinal pathogens must overcome many obstacles in order to successfully colonize
a host, not the least of which is the presence of the gut microbiota, the trillions of commensal …

Tremendous advances have been made in mapping the complexity of the human gut
microbiota in both health and disease states. These analyses have revealed that, rather than …

The human intestinal tract contains a large number of microbes, their metabolites, and
potentially harmful food antigens. The intestinal epithelium separates the mucosa where …

The gastrointestinal tract is the site of nutrient digestion and absorption and is also colonized
by diverse, highly mutualistic microbes. The intestinal microbiota has diverse effects on the …

The human gastrointestinal tract is home to an incredibly dense population of microbes.
These microbes employ unique strategies to capture energy in this largely anaerobic …

Microorganisms that colonize the gastrointestinal tract, collectively known as the gut
microbiota, are known to produce small molecules and metabolites that significantly …

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a highly complex organ composed of the intestinal
epithelium layer, intestinal microbiota, and local immune system. Intestinal microbiota …