Highlights•Many recent AD studies mistakenly link performance improvements exclusively to
DIET.•Unequivocally proving the occurrence of DIET requires a complex set of …

Highlights•Redox mediators with various potentials change energy distribution between
microbes.•Bioelectrochemical equations and concepts are currently being used for IET …

Anaerobic digestion was one of the first bioenergy strategies developed, yet the interactions
of the microbial community that is responsible for the production of methane are still poorly …

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an effective biological treatment for stabilizing organic
compounds in waste/wastewater and in simultaneously producing biogas. However, it is …

Interspecies electron transfer (IET) is important for many anaerobic processes, but is
critically dependent on mode of transfer. In particular, direct IET (DIET) has been recently …

Anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic waste to produce biogas is a mature biotechnology
commercialised for decades. However, the relatively recent discovery of direct interspecies …

Anaerobic digestion is an effective and sustainable technology for resource utilization of
organic wastes. Recently, adding conductive materials in anaerobic digestion to promote …

Since the observation of direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) in anaerobic mixed
cultures in 2010s, the topic “DIET-stimulation” has been the main route to enhance the …

The inefficiency of interspecies electron transfer between syntrophic bacteria and
methanogens typically restricts the reaction rates and methanogenesis efficiency of …

Direct interspecies electrons transfer (DIET) is a syntrophic metabolism in which free
electrons flow from one cell to another without being shuttled by reduced molecules such as …