Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an elevated prevalence of atheromatous
(ATH) and/or non-atheromatous (non-ATH) cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to an array of …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of renal function. The gradual decline in
kidney function leads to an accumulation of toxins normally cleared by the kidneys, resulting …

Background and aims There is a growing body of evidence supporting the nephrovascular
toxicity of indoxyl sulphate (IS) and p-cresyl sulphate (PCS). Nonetheless, a comprehensive …

Uraemic toxins seem to play an important role in the genesis of cardiovascular and renal
damage in chronic kidney disease patients. This short article is divided into two thematic …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major cause of high morbidity and mortality in
patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Numerous CVD risk factors in CKD patients …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher cardiovascular risk compared to
the average population, and this is partially due to the plasma accumulation of solutes …

Background: Retention of uremic toxins in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)
negatively affects multiple organ systems, including the cardiovascular system, resulting in …

Mounting evidence strongly suggests a causal link between chronic kidney disease (CKD)
and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Compared with non-CKD patients, patients with CKD …

Chronic kidney disease is characterized by the accumulation of organic compounds in the
bloodstream that may exert a variety of toxic effects in the body. These compounds …

Patients with kidney failure (KF) have a high incidence of cardiovascular (CV) disease, partly
driven by insufficient clearance of uremic toxins. Recent investigations have questioned the …