Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress hormone that accumulates under different abiotic and biotic
stresses. A typical effect of ABA on leaves is to reduce transpirational water loss by closing …

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many key processes involved in plant
development and adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. Under stress conditions, plants …

The physiological roles of abscisic acid (ABA) as a stress hormone in plant responses to
water shortage, including stomatal regulation and gene expression, have been well …

Plants are obliged to defend themselves against a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses.
Complex regulatory signaling networks mount an appropriate defense response depending …

The ability of plants to respond to environmental stimuli is essential to plant survival.
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone with roles at various stages of plant development …

Highlights•ABA triggers a robust signal network that controls stomatal closing.•Guard cell
ABA levels are controlled by biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport.•SnRK2s and CPKs are …

Two highly specialized cells, the guard cells that surround the stomatal pore, are able to
integrate environmental and endogenous signals in order to control the stomatal aperture …

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a central role in the regulation of stomatal
movements under water‐deficit conditions. The identification of ABA receptors and the ABA …

Coordinated regulation of protection mechanisms against environmental abiotic stress and
pathogen attack is essential for plant adaptation and survival. Initial abiotic stress can …

Guard cells regulate plant gas exchange and transpiration by modulation of stomatal
aperture upon integrating external cues like photosynthetic effective illumination, CO2 levels …