This ninety-first volume of IARC Monographscontains evaluations of the carcinogenic
hazard to humans of combined estrogen-progestogen contraceptives and combined …

The World Health Organization International Agency for Research and Cancer (IARC), in
June 2005, has classified combination hormone contraception and menopausal therapy as …

We reviewed the published medical literature to assess the impact of the use of estrogens,
with and without progestogens, on the incidence of gynecologic cancer in postmenopausal …

The role of estrogens as carcinogens, cocarcinogens or tumor promoters, as well as their
mechanism (s) of action on cancer cells, are thoroughly reviewed. Although there is ample …

Because endogenous hormones play a major role in the risk of breast, endometrial and
ovarian cancer, the impact on risk of oral contraceptives and of hormonal therapy given at …

Estrogen therapy is extremely effective in relieving menopausal symptoms such as hot
flushes, night sweats, urogenital atrophy and certain psychological symptoms. The short …

In a prospective study at Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center from 1975 to 1981, 5563
postmenopausal women were followed for a total of 37,236 patient-years of observation …

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation of various estrogen-containing hormone therapies to
the risk of breast cancer, emphasizing the use of the combination of estrogen and …

ContextDespite decades of accumulated observational evidence, the balance of risks and
benefits for hormone use in healthy postmenopausal women remains uncertain. ObjectiveTo …

The principal findings are briefly reviewed from the Women's Health Initiative trials of the
most commonly used postmenopausal hormone regimens in the United States—conjugated …