Human activity and natural processes have led to the widespread dissemination of metals
and metalloids, many of which are toxic and have a negative impact on plant growth and …

Although many metal elements are essential for the growth of plants in low concentrations,
their excessive amounts in soil above threshold values can result in toxicity. This detrimental …

Nutrient uptake by plants is essential for their development and for the passage of minerals
into the food chain, but it also faces several limitations. Whereas soil physicochemical …

Metals such as cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) are essential for normal
plant growth and development since they contribute to the function of many enzymes and …

Heavy metals, such as cobalt, copper, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc, are essential in
trace amounts for growth by plants and other living organisms. However, in excessive …

Heavy metals are often present naturally in soils, but many human activities (eg mining,
agriculture, sewage processing, the metal industry and automobiles) increase their …

Farmers have used metal compounds in phytosanitary treatments for more than a century;
however, it has recently been suggested that plants absorb high concentrations of metals …

The metals iron, zinc, manganese, copper, molybdenum, and nickel are essential for the
growth and development of virtually all plant species. Although these elements are required …

Worldwide, the effects of metal and metalloid toxicity are increasing, mainly due to
anthropogenic causes. Soil contamination ranks among the most important factors, since it …

Few plant species, however, of different taxonomic affiliations, can grow on heavy metal
soils. The adaptations of these metallophytes to the adverse conditions of heavy metal soils …