The major vascular disorders of the liver are listed in Table 2. Most of the vascular disorders
of the liver are rare, with the exception of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in patients with …

Vascular disorders of the liver, although affecting less than 5/10,000 patients, collectively
account for a number of rare conditions that represent an important health problem …

Primary damage to hepatic vessels is rare.(i) Hepatic arterial disorders, related mostly to
iatrogenic injury and occasionally to systemic diseases, lead to ischemic cholangiopathy.(ii) …

Abstract Background Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a rare disease characterized by
hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction (HVOTO). Methods Recent literature has been …

Our goal is to provide a detailed review of veno-occlusive disease (VOD), Budd-Chiari
syndrome (BCS), and congestive hepatopathy (CH), all of which results in hepatic venous …

Hepatic vein thrombosis is caused by one or several thrombogenic conditions, of which
myeloproliferative disorders are the most frequent. Thrombosis and its fibrous sequelae can …

Hepatic vein (HV) thrombosis causes ascites, hepatomegaly, and severe congestion of the
liver (Budd-Chiari syndrome [BCS]). Severe hepatic fibrosis develops in this syndrome with …

Hepatic venous outflow obstruction may develop at the level of the hepatic venules, the
large hepatic veins, the inferior vena cava, or the right atrium. Outflow obstruction results in …

Severe hepatic venous outflow obstruction and its manifestations often are recorded under
the label “Budd-Chiari syndrome.” Unfortunately, this label is ambiguous; it does not clearly …

Primary Budd-Chiari syndrome is characterized by a blocked hepatic venous outflow tract at
various levels from small hepatic veins to inferior vena cava, resulting from thrombosis or its …