The global scale-up of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy (ART) has led to dramatic reductions in
HIV-1 mortality and incidence. However, HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) poses a potential …

Background Regional and subtype-specific mutational patterns of HIV-1 transmitted drug
resistance (TDR) are essential for informing first-line antiretroviral (ARV) therapy guidelines …

Background Contemporary antiretroviral therapies (ART) and management strategies have
diminished both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment failure and the acquired …

After 15 years of global scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART), rising prevalence of HIV
drug resistance in many low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) poses a growing …

The efficacy of an antiretroviral (ARV) treatment regimen depends on the activity of the
regimen's individual ARV drugs and the number of HIV-1 mutations required for the …

Most of the current knowledge on antiretroviral (ARV) drug development and resistance is
based on the study of subtype B of HIV-1, which only accounts for 10% of the worldwide HIV …

Background. Numerous studies have shown that baseline drug resistance patterns may
influence the outcome of antiretroviral therapy. Therefore, guidelines recommend drug …

To characterize WHO-defined transmitted HIV drug resistance mutation (TDRM) data from
recently HIV-infected African volunteers, we sequenced HIV (pol) and evaluated for TDRM …

Background Implementation of ultrasensitive HIV drug resistance tests for routine clinical
use is hampered by uncertainty about the clinical relevance of drug-resistant minority …

Background: Transmission of drug-resistant HIV strains to antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve
subjects can negatively impact therapy response. As treatment strategies and utilization of …