Objective To compare the analgesic effect of intra-articular (IA) and intravenous (IV)
morphine in horses with experimentally induced synovitis. Animals Eight adult horses. Study …

Objective To describe the pharmacokinetics of intra-articularly (IA) administered morphine.
Study design Experimental randomized, cross-over study. Animals Eight adult healthy mixed …

Objective—To compare the effects of intra-articular (IA) versus IV administration of morphine
on local and systemic inflammatory responses in horses with experimentally induced acute …

Objective To compare the intraarticular (IA) analgesic effects of ropivacaine and morphine in
horses with experimentally induced synovitis. Study design Randomized, blinded cross …

Reasons for performing study: Intra‐articular administration of morphine as a local analgesic
and anti‐inflammatory drug is widely used in human medicine. In equids, little is known …

Epidural morphine is widely used in veterinary medicine, but there is no information about
the anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in acute inflammatory joint disease in …

Background Continuous-rate infusion (CRI) of drugs results in more stable plasma drug
concentrations than administration of intermittent boluses, thus providing greater stability of …

Lameness in dogs is often a diagnostic challenge. In many cases it is difficult to determine
the exact localisation of lameness because of the absence of palpable changes, or because …

This study addresses development and validation of a composite multifactorial pain scale
(CPS) in an experimental equine model of acute orthopaedic pain. Eighteen horses were …

Objective—To assess analgesia, inflammation, potency, and duration of action associated
with intra-articular injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA), mepivacaine hydrochloride, or …