Although the term “asthma” has been applied to all patients with airway lability and variable
chest symptoms for centuries, phenotypes of asthma with distinct clinical and molecular …

Asthma pathogenesis is characterized by two major endotypes, a T2-high featuring
increased eosinophilic airway inflammation, and a T2-low endotype presenting with either …

Type 2 (T2) inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of asthma. IL-4, IL-5, and IL-
13, along with other inflammatory mediators, lead to increased cellular eosinophilic …

Currently, and based on the development of relevant biologic therapies, T2-high is the most
well-defined endotype of asthma. Although much progress has been made in elucidating T2 …

Asthma is a complex respiratory disorder characterized by marked heterogeneity in
individual patient disease triggers and response to therapy. Several asthma phenotypes …

Rationale In adults, personalised asthma treatment targets patients with type 2 (T2)-high and
eosinophilic asthma phenotypes. It is unclear whether such classification is achievable in …

Monoclonal antibodies targeting IgE or the type-2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5 and IL-13
are proving highly effective in reducing exacerbations and symptoms in people with severe …

New therapeutic approaches are needed for patients with severe asthma who are refractory
to standard therapy comprising high doses of inhaled corticosteroids plus long-acting β2 …

Non‐T2 asthma is traditionally defined as asthma without features of T2 asthma. The
definition is arbitrary and is generally based on the presence of neutrophils in sputum, or the …

Objective To describe the concept of precision medicine in treating severe asthma and the
utility of relevant biomarkers. Data Sources PubMed was searched for published articles on …