Immediately after birth, newborn babies experience rapid colonization by microorganisms
from their mothers and the surrounding environment. Diseases in childhood and later in life …

The gut microbiota of preterm infants develops predictably,,,,,–, with pioneer species
colonizing the gut after birth, followed by an ordered succession of microorganisms. The gut …

The early-life microbiome appears to be affected by mode of delivery, but this effect may
depend on intrapartum antibiotic exposure. Here, we assess the effect of delivery mode on …

Mucosal immunity develops in the human fetal intestine by 11–14 weeks of gestation, yet
whether viable microbes exist in utero and interact with the intestinal immune system is …

Human microbial communities are characterized by their taxonomic, metagenomic and
metabolic diversity, which varies by distinct body sites and influences human physiology …

Mode of delivery strongly influences the early infant gut microbiome. Children born by
cesarean section (C-section) lack Bacteroides species until 6–18 months of age. One …

Highlights•The intestinal microbiota follows a common successional pattern in early
life.•Particular bacterial taxa are mainly transmitted from the mother to the infant after …

Exposure of newborns to the maternal vaginal microbiota is interrupted with cesarean
birthing. Babies delivered by cesarean section (C-section) acquire a microbiota that differs …

Postnatal colonization of the body with microbes is assumed to be the main stimulus to
postnatal immune development. By transiently colonizing pregnant female mice, we show …

The birth canal provides mammals with a primary maternal inoculum, which develops into
distinctive body site-specific microbial communities post-natally. We characterized the distal …