Plants flower in response to many varied cues, such as temperature, photoperiod, and age.
The floral transition of Cardamine flexuosa, a herbaceous biennial-to-perennial plant …

Perennial plants live for more than 1 year and flower only after an extended vegetative
phase. We used Arabis alpina, a perennial relative of annual Arabidopsis thaliana, to study …

The reproductive strategies of plants are highly variable. Short-lived annuals flower
abundantly soon after germination, whereas longer-lived perennials postpone and spatially …

Plants integrate seasonal signals, including temperature and day length, to optimize the
timing of developmental transitions. Seasonal sensing requires the activity of two proteins …

Multiple environmental and endogenous inputs regulate when plants flower. The molecular
genetic dissection of flowering time control in Arabidopsis has identified an integrated …

Highlights•Natural variation in FT proteins generates promoters or repressors of
flowering.•Long noncoding RNAs expressed at FLC correlate with its inactivation during …

Plants have evolved annual and perennial life forms as alternative strategies to adapt
reproduction and survival to environmental constraints. In isolated situations, such as …

The toc1 mutation causes shortened circadian rhythms in light-grown Arabidopsis plants.
Here, we report the same toc1 effect in the absence of light input to the clock. We also show …

Many plants flower in response to seasonal fluctuations in day length. The CONSTANS (CO)
gene of Arabidopsis promotes flowering in long days. Flowering is induced when CO …

In many organisms, the circadian clock is composed of functionally coupled morning and
evening oscillators. In Arabidopsis, oscillator coupling relies on a core loop in which the …